Fixing apparatus and method for attaching an annular transponder unit to tire

ABSTRACT

Apparatus and method in the use thereof attaches an annular transponder unit to an annular tire surface, the transponder unit being of a type having a sensor housing coupled to an annular antenna. The apparatus includes a rotary turntable for supportably rotating a tire having an annular tire surface in an accessible disposition and an arm proximately disposed to the turntable and having end-of-arm tooling for attaching the transponder unit section by section to the annular tire surface as the tire is rotated. The tooling includes a gripping mechanism engaging the sensor housing and placing the sensor housing at a preselected location on the annular tire surface and a guide mechanism engaging the annular antenna and positioning the annular antenna section by section along the annular tire surface as the tire is rotated. An adhesive material applicator nozzle is disposed between the guide mechanism and the gripping means for application of the adhesive material between the annular antenna and the annular tire surface as the tire is rotated. A pre-staging station supporting the transponder unit may further be utilized, the arm moving between the pre-staging station and the turntable and the gripping mechanism engaging the sensor housing at the pre-staging station to transport the transponder unit from the pre-staging station to the turntable.

RELATED APPLICATION

This patent application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S.Ser. No. 10/918,682, filed Aug. 13, 2004, now abandoned entitled “FixingApparatus and Method for Attaching an Annular Transponder Unit to Tire”.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to an apparatus and method ofincorporating a communicating transponder in a tire and, morespecifically, to an automated apparatus and method for fixing atransponder in place against an annular tire surface while an annularantenna connected to the transponder is attached to the annular tiresurface section by section.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is common to employ annular apparatus, including an antenna, forelectronically transmitting tire or wheel identification or other dataat radio frequency. The apparatus includes a radio-frequency tag, ortransponder, comprising an integrated circuit chip having data capacityat least sufficient to retain identification information for the tire orwheel. Other data, such as the inflation pressure of the tire or thetemperature of the tire or wheel at the transponder location, can betransmitted by the transponder along with the identification data.

The annular antenna is tire-mounted and transmits, at radio frequencies,data from the transponder to a reader mounted on the wheel assembly. Theantenna and transponder may be incorporated into a tire during“pre-cure” manufacture of the tire. The integrity of the connectionbetween the tire and antenna is greatly enhanced by a pre-cure assemblyprocedure. In practice, however, it is very difficult to do this. Bothradial ply and bias ply tires undergo a substantial diametricenlargement during the course of manufacture. Bias ply tires areexpanded diametrically when inserted into a curing press, whichtypically has a bladder that forces the green tire into the toroidalshape of the mold enclosing it. Radial ply tires undergo diametricexpansion during the tire building or shaping process and a furtherdiametric expansion during the course of curing. An annular antenna andthe electronic tag associated therewith built into the tire in apre-cure process, therefore, must endure significant strain that canresult in component failure. The electronic tag and the connectionbetween the tag and the antenna, in particular, is vulnerable to damagefrom the forces imposed from pre-cure assembly to tire.

To avoid damaging the electronic tag or the connection between the tagand the annular antenna during the curing procedure, an alternativeapproach is to assemble the tag and antenna into a separate annular unitfor post-cure attachment to the tire. An automated apparatus and methodfor attaching an annular transponder unit to an annular tire surface isproposed that utilizes end-of-arm tooling to progressively attach theannular unit to the tire section by section. To install the annularantenna ring, the transponder housing is held by an external robotic armand brought into contact with a small patch of adhesive previouslyapplied to the tire. The robotic arm releases the transponder housingand a relative rotation between the tire and the robotic end-of-armtooling is established, either through rotation of the tire or thetooling or both. The annular antenna is guided section by sectionthrough the tooling and applied by adhesive to the tire surface.

While working well, it is important that the annular ring not moveradially relative to the tire as the annular unit is attached. Suchmovement can cause the annular ring to become dislocated due to thefriction between the annular antenna ring and the end-of-arm toolingguide mechanism. Dislocation of the annular transponder unit from itsintended position on the target annular tire surface can cause amalfunction or degradation in tire monitoring system performance ornecessitate repeating the procedure for attaching the annulartransponder unit to the tire.

Accordingly, there is a need for an apparatus and method of fixing anannular transponder unit against an annular tire surface while relativerotation between the tire and application tooling is established. Suchan apparatus should fix a designated portion of the annular unit againstthe tire in a manner that does not interfere with a section by sectionattachment of the annular transponder unit to the tire by end-of-armrobotic tooling. Such a procedure should further ensure the functionalsafety of the electronics and maintain a secure electrical connectionbetween the antenna and tag electronics. It is further desirable thatany such apparatus and method for fixing an annular transponder unit toa tire during an attachment sequence have minimal labor content in orderto reduce human error and the cost of manufacture. Finally, such aprocedure ideally should synchronize seamlessly with end of armapplication tooling in a manner that minimizes cycle time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Apparatus and method for use thereof attaches an annular transponderunit to an annular tire surface, the transponder unit being of a typehaving a sensor housing coupled to an annular antenna. In one aspect ofthe invention, the apparatus includes a rotary turntable for supportablyrotating a tire having an annular tire surface in an accessibledisposition and an arm proximately disposed to the turntable and havingend-of-arm tooling for attaching the transponder unit section by sectionto the annular tire surface as the tire is rotated. The tooling includesa gripping mechanism engaging the sensor housing and placing the sensorhousing at a preselected location on the annular tire surface and aguide mechanism engaging the annular antenna and positioning the annularantenna section by section along the annular tire surface as the tire isrotated. An adhesive material applicator nozzle may be disposed betweenthe guide mechanism and the gripping means for application of theadhesive material between the annular antenna and the annular tiresurface as the tire is rotated. In another aspect of the invention, apre-staging station supporting the transponder unit may further beutilized, the arm moving between the pre-staging station and theturntable and the gripping mechanism engaging the sensor housing at thepre-staging station to transport the transponder unit from thepre-staging station to the turntable.

Pursuant to a further aspect of the invention, a method for attachingthe annular transponder unit to the annular tire surface is disclosedand includes the steps:

-   -   a. mounting a tire on a support table, the tire having an        annular tire surface accessibly disposed;    -   b. positioning an arm proximate to the support table, the arm        having tooling means at a remote end;    -   c. supporting a section of the transponder unit against the        annular tire surface by the arm tooling means;    -   d. establishing relative rotation between the arm tooling means        and the tire between an initial relative position and a terminal        relative position; and    -   e. progressively attaching the transponder antenna section by        section to the annular tire surface as the tire and arm tooling        means relatively rotate.

An additional aspect of the invention method is to establish relativerotation between the arm tooling means and the tire by rotation of thetable supporting the tire. A still further aspect of the method includesthe steps of gripping the sensor housing by gripping means disposed atthe remote end of the arm; holding the sensor housing against an indexedlocation on the annular tire surface; guiding the annular antennaagainst the annular tire surface section by section by guide meansapparatus disposed at the remote end of the arm; and progressivelyapplying an adhesive material section by section between the annularantenna and the annular tire surface as the tire rotates. A tire made inconformance with the method is a further aspect of the invention.

The invention thus provides for an efficient, reliable, automated, andcost effective apparatus and method for attaching an annular transponderunit to a tire and satisfies the needs of the industry for such asystem.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described by way of example and with reference tothe accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a bottom view of end-of-arm tooling assembly configuredpursuant to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially exploded top perspective view thereof.

FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the guide mechanism assembly;

FIG. 4 is a transverse section view through the guide mechanism assemblyof FIG. 3 taken along the line 4-4.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the guide mechanism assembly.

FIG. 6 is a bottom perspective view of the gripper mechanism assembly.

FIG. 7 is a left front perspective view of the adhesive applicatormechanism assembly.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an annular transponder unit assemblystation configured pursuant to the invention at a picking stage of theprocedure.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged perspective view of the end-of-arm tooling at thepicking stage of the procedure, taken along the line 9-9 of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the annular transponder unit assemblystation at an application stage of the procedure.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of the end-of-arm tooling at theapplication stage of the procedure illustrating the portion designatedas “FIG. 11” in FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged perspective view of the end-of-arm tooling at thebeginning point in the application stage.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a tire shown partially in section intowhich an annular transponder unit has been incorporated pursuant to theinvention.

FIG. 14 is a top perspective view of a tire centering and clamp downdevice.

FIG. 15 is a detailed view of the transponder clamp down mechanism ofFIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of the clamp down mechanism shown withthe clamping fingers in the open position.

FIG. 17 is a top perspective view of the clamp down mechanism showingthe horizontal actuator moved in to position the yoke mechanism.

FIG. 18 is a top perspective view of the angled actuator moved in toposition the yoke into a straddling relationship to the transponder.

FIG. 19 is an enlarged top perspective view of the clamping mechanismshowing the yoke in a straddling relationship to the transponder.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, a “transponder” is any electronic apparatus (device)capable of monitoring a condition such as air pressure within apneumatic tire, and then transmitting that information to an externaldevice. The external device can be either an RF (radio frequency)reader/interrogator or, simply an RF receiver. A simple receiver can beused when the transponder is “active”, and has its own power source. Areader/interrogator would be used when the transponder is “passive” andis powered by an RF signal from the reader/interrogator. In either case,in conjunction with the external device, the transponder forms acomponent of an overall tire-condition monitoring/warning system. A“sensor” as used herein is a transponder that senses a tire conditionand transmits a reading based thereon. In conventional systems, anantenna is coupled to one or more sensors forming a transponder unit.The antenna may be of various configurations, one of which being anannular body or loop. Together, the antenna and sensor thus comprises anannular transponder unit. For the purpose of the subject disclosure andthe invention, the annular transponder unit is not sensor or transponderspecific. That is, a wide range of commonly available transponders,sensors, and associated electronics may be packaged and utilized in thepractice of the subject invention.

As discussed above, in order to send or receive RF signals, atransponder must have an antenna. The antenna is optimally annular inconfiguration in the subject invention and is preferably incorporatedinto the tire by way of a post manufacture procedure. As used herein, an“annular antenna” may be circular, oblong, symmetrical, or asymmetricalwithout departing from the subject inventive principles. However, thepreferred configuration of the antenna is circular and sized to overlapthe tire sidewall region to which it attaches. The antenna may comprisea single wire or a plurality of strands. Various commercially availabletransponders, sensors, and other electrical devices deployed incombination with an annular antenna formed from conventional conductivematerials are suitable for use in conformance with the principles of thesubject invention.

Acceptable materials for the antenna wire include steel, aluminum,copper or other electrically conducting wire. As disclosed in thispatent document, the wire diameter is not generally considered criticalfor operation as an antenna for a transponder. For durability, strandedsteel wire consisting of multiple strands of fine wire is preferred.Other wire options available include ribbon cable, flexible circuits,conductive film, conductive rubber, etc.

Referring initially to FIG. 13 an annular transponder unit 132 is showndeployed within a tire 134. The tire 134 is formed from conventionalmaterials such as rubber or rubber composites by conventional means andmay comprise a radial ply or bias ply configuration. A typical tire 134is configured having a tread 136, a shoulder 138, an annular sidewall140, and a terminal bead 142. An inner liner 144 is formed and defines atire cavity 146. The tire 134 is intended for mounted location upon anannular rim having a peripheral rim flange 150 extending to an outer rimflange surface 152. The rim is conventionally configured and composed ofa suitably strong metal such as steel.

An annular antenna 154 is provided and may, but need not necessarily,embody a sinusoidal configuration. Antenna 154 may be alternativelyconfigured into alternative patterns or comprise a straight wire(s) ifdesired and may be filament wire, or cord or stranded wire. Acceptablematerials for the wire include steel, aluminum, copper or otherelectrically conducting wire. As mentioned previously, the wire diameteris not generally considered critical for operation as an antenna andmultiple strands of fine wire is preferred. The curvilinear form ofantenna 154 provides flexibility and minimizes the risk of breakageduring manufacture and use explained below.

With continued reference to FIG. 13, a sensor housing 156 of preferablyquadrilateral geometry is included in the transponder unit 132 andhouses one or more sensors for sensing tire parameters such as pressureand temperature. Included as part of the apparatus 132 is a carrierstrip of material 158 formed into the annular configuration shown.Carrier strip 158 is formed of electrically insulating, preferablysemi-rigid elastomeric material common to industry such as rubber orplastic. The strip 158 is formed to substantially encapsulate at least aportion of the antenna wire(s) 154 and at least a portion of the sensorhousing 156 to create a unitary annular assembly. In the postmanufacturing state, therefore, the transponder unit 132 comprisesantenna 154, sensor housing 156, and carrier strip 158, in a unitary,generally circular, semi-rigid assembly that is readily transportableand handled for attachment to tire 134. The diameter of the annulartransponder unit 132 is a function of the size of the tire 134 to whichit attaches as will be appreciated from the following.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, tooling 10 is disclosed for the attachmentof an annular transponder unit to an annular tire inner surface. Thetooling 10 generally comprises a gripper mechanism 12, an adhesiveapplication mechanism 14, and a guide mechanism 16. While the mechanisms12, 14, and 16 are arranged to function cooperatively in the attachmentof an annular unit section by section to a tire, the principles of theinvention will find utility in sundry other applications apparent tothose skilled in the art where the objective consists of attachment ofan annular apparatus to an annular surface.

With reference to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the guide mechanism 16 includes apair of L-shaped guide fingers 18, 20 that pivot relative to one anotherbetween an open and a closed relationship. The fingers 18, 20 furthermay be raised and lowered between an operational elevation and astand-by elevation as will be appreciated. The mechanism 16 includes avertical lift cylinder 22 and a pivot cylinder 24 of a type commerciallyavailable for moving the fingers 18, 20 reciprocally along vertical andpivot paths, respectively. A pair of gears 26, 27 are disposed inadjacent relationship and operate to initiate and control pivotalmovement of fingers 18, 20.

A pair of control valves 28, 30 control operation of the cylinder 22 andregulate the speed to which cylinder 22 effects vertical movement of thefingers 18, 20. A pair of control valves 32A and 32B similarly aremounted to the cylinder 24 and operate to regulate the speed at whichfingers 18, 20 pivot relative to one another. A rack 34 is coupled tothe cylinder 24 and moves reciprocally along a linear path to engagegears 26, 27 and thereby effectuate and control pivotal movementthereof. A proximity switch 36 mounts to the cylinder 24 and indicateslinear position of the cylinder 24 when an end-of-stroke condition isreached. Switch 38 likewise controls operation of cylinder 22 andindicates vertical position of the assembly at the operative andstand-by elevations as will be appreciated.

With continued reference to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, a housing block 40 isprovided having a pair of adjacent through bores 41 extendingtherethrough. Sleeves 42, 44 are closely received within the bores 41and the gears 26, 27 fixedly mount to the top of the sleeves 42, 44,respectively. Cylindrical shafts 46, 48 extend through the gears 26, 27and sleeves 42, 44, respectively. An arm bracket 50 mounts over theassembly and includes a pair of lateral flanges 51, 53 that align withthe axial bore extending through the shafts 46, 48. A clevis 52 isdisposed at an outward end of the bracket 50. Each cylindrical shaft 46,48 is provided with an outward projecting key protrusion 54, 56 thatrides within a key slot 58, 60 extending axially along an inward surfaceof the sleeves 42, 44. As will be appreciated, the shafts 46, 48reciprocally move within the sleeves 42, 44 as the key protrusions ridewithin their respective key slots.

A spacer ring 62, 64 mounts to the bottom of the block 40 in alignmentwith the bores 41 and retaining rings 66, 68 are mounted from the bottomagainst a respective spacer ring 62, 64. Finger clamps 70, 71 mount fromthe bottom. Each clamp 70, 71 has a through bore dimensioned to closelyreceive a lower end of a respective shaft 46, 48. As will be noted fromFIG. 3, the guide fingers 18, 20 attach to a respective clamp 70, 71.Thus, the assembly of the guide mechanism 16 secures the guide fingers18, 20 to bottom ends of the shafts 46, 48 which then alter the verticalposition of the guide fingers along a reciprocal vertical path as theshafts 46, 48 move within the sleeves 42, 44. The lift cylinder 22mounts to the block 40 as shown and includes a cylinder shaft 69 that iscoupled to the clevis 52. Accordingly, extension and retraction of thecylinder pin 69 actuates linear movement of the clevis 52 and therebymoves the shafts 46, 48 vertically within the sleeves 42, 44 to raiseand lower the guide fingers 18, 20.

Continuing, the pivot cylinder assembly includes a mounting bracket 72having a mounting flange 73 projecting outward therefrom. A U-shapedchannel 74 extends forward along the bracket 72 and functions tostabilize the rack 34 as rack 34 moves along a linear path away from thebracket 72. The cylinder 24 includes a cylinder shaft 76 that protrudesthrough flange 73 and is coupled at a forward end to the rack 34.Reciprocal movement of shaft 76 effectuates reciprocal linear movementof the rack 34. As will be appreciated, the rack 34 is aligned to engagethe gears 26, 27. Movement of the rack 34 along a linear path thustranslates into a rotary movement of the gears 26, 27 which, in turn,rotate the sleeves 42, 44 and thereby impart rotational movement to theshafts 46, 48 within the sleeves 42, 44. Rotational movement of theshafts 46, 48 acts to rotate the guide fingers 18, 20 between a mutuallyopposed, closed position that defines a guide channel therebetween, andan open position illustrated in FIG. 3. The valves 32A and 32B controlthe operation of cylinder 24 and the extent of linear movement of rack34 is indicated by operation of the proximity switch 36. The componentsdescribed herein are commercially available to the industry.

The nut 75 attaches the cylinder 24 to flange 73. Similarly, nut 78secures the vertical cylinder 22 to the block 40. Shoulder screws 80extend through flanges 51, 53 of the arm bracket 50 and into the centerbores of shafts 46, 48 to secure the arm bracket 50 to the shafts.Consequently, linear movement of the clevis 52 translates into avertical movement of the shafts 46, 48 within the sleeves 42, 44.Additional screws 82 (four being shown) may be used to secure the gears26, 27 to the sleeves 42, 44 as described above.

With reference to FIGS. 2 and 6, the gripper mechanism 12 includesopposed arcuate jaws 84, 86 fixedly mounted to an underside of adjacentpivot arms 90, 92, respectively. The pivot arms are U-shaped and arepivotally mounted within gripper block 93 such that the arms 90,92 swingfrom the mutually parallel (“closed”) relationship shown in FIGS. 2 and6 outward into divergent (“open”) mutual relationship. In so doing, thejaws 84, 86 are carried between the closed position shown in FIGS. 2 and6 into an open divergent position for a purpose explained below.

An integral arm 94 connects at one end to the body 93 and projectshorizontally outward therefrom. Mounting pins 96 and screw 98 extendfrom the arm 94 to affix the mechanism 12 to the mounting bracket 99shown in FIG. 2. Proximity switches 100, 102 are mounted to the body 93and indicate the opening and closing of jaws 90, 92 as explained below.Control valves 104, 106 operatively connect to operate an actuationcylinder within the body 93 (not shown) whereby movement of the jaws 84,86 between the open and closed positions is effected. The actuationcylinder, body, and controls described above are commercially available.

Proceeding with regard to FIGS. 2, 7, and 9, the adhesive applicatormechanism 16 includes a pneumatic caulk gun 108 of a commerciallyavailable type. The gun 108 has a nozzle end 110 communicating with atransverse walled channel 112 of generally U-shaped cross-section. Thegun 108 is housed between arcuate semi-circular shell housings 114, 116.Spaced apart support rods 118, 120 extend forward from the housings 114,116 to bracket 122. A reflective laser displacement sensor unit 124, ofa type commercially available, is disposed adjacent to the forward endof mechanism 16. An T-shaped mounting bracket 126 projects outward formthe housings 114, 116 and includes attachment hardware in the form ofscrews 128 for attaching the mechanism 16 to the end of a robotic arm.The gun extends outward from a forward end to an outward portion 130.

In FIGS. 8, 9, and 10, a depiction of a representative workstationsystem utilizing the subject end-of-arm tooling is shown. A turntable160 having a top surface 162 rotates a tire 134 positioned thereon. Aprestaging station 164 consists of a free standing stand 166 having anextended horizontal arm 168 configured to receive and suspend aplurality of pre-assembled annular transponder units 132 in side-by-siderelationship. The stand 166 generally faces a robotic station comprisinga support table 170. A pivoting robotic arm assembly 172, of a typecommercially available, is pivotally mounted to the table 170 and swingsan extending arm 176 between the prestaging station 164 and the tiresupporting table 160. The arm 176 includes a pivotally coupled distalarm end segment 178 terminating at a remote end 180. The end-of-armtooling 10 described previously mounts to the arm end 180 by T-bracket126 as seen from FIG. 9. So suspended, the tooling 10 is reciprocallytransported by arm segment 178 between the stations 160, 164.

The relative disposition of the gripper mechanism 12, adhesiveapplication system 14, and the guide mechanism 16 will be appreciatedfrom FIGS. 11 and 12. In general, the component systems 12, 14, and 16are arranged serially and in-line with the gripper mechanism 12 leading,the adhesive application system 14 in the middle, and the guidemechanism 16 trailing. The adhesive nozzle end 130 is connected to anadhesive pumping system that supplies on demand an adhesive of knowntype such as industrial glue or epoxy. The three basic modules, systems12, 14, and 16 are fixedly attached to the end-of-arm 180 and willfunction for tires of varying sizes. While the specific mechanisms 12,14, and 16 are described above, the invention is not intended to belimited to the apparatus shown and described. Other mechanisms thatoperate to place and apply an annular apparatus against and annularsurface through section-by-section placement is within the contemplationof the invention.

The modules 12, 14, and 16 are attached to the arm of a commerciallyavailable robot in the embodiment shown. One suitable robot is the ABBmodel IRB 1400 manufactured and sold by ABB Inc., 501 Mettit 7, Norwalk,Conn. 06851. The robot may be programmed for annular ring diameter, tireannular surface angle, and contact height. The turntable 160 furtherincludes a chuck and a hold-down mechanism (not shown) of aconventional, commercially available configuration to hold the tire 134in a fixed position on surface 162. The tire chuck centers and securesthe tire to the turntable.

In operation, one or more annular transponder units are disposedadjacent to the turntable 160, preferably but not necessarily on thesupport stand 164 shown and described above. Multiple annulartransponder units may be positioned along arm 168 of the stand andsequentially picked off the arm. The orientation of each annulartransponder unit on the arm 168 is such to facilitate access by theend-of-arm tooling 10 to the sensor housing 156 of the next availableannular transponder unit.

The robot arm 178 extends into contact with the interior of the tire 134and applies a small patch of adhesive through the nozzle 110, creatingan indexed location for subsequent positioning of an annular transponderunit. The adhesive patch is placed preferably but not necessarily at theradial location of the hold down mechanism of the tire chuck. The robotarm 178 then comes out of the tire and moves to the pre-staging fixture164. The end-of-arm tooling moves over the transponder unit and thegripper mechanism arms 90, 92 pivoted into an open position. The jaws84,86 grips the sensor housing 156 as the arms pivot into a closedposition, while the guide fingers 18, 20 of the guide mechanism 16 closearound the flexible antenna section adjacent the housing 156. The twowire fingers 18, 20 thus create a channel therebetween that looselyengages the antenna strip 158. With the gripper mechanism 12 and guidemechanism 16 engaged at their respective portions of the transponderunit, the section of antenna 154 that is between the guide mechanism andthe gripper mechanism is held in the center of the nozzle channel 112.

The robot arm 172 then takes the transponder unit from the pre-stagingfixture 164 and places it in the interior of the tire 134 on turntablesurface 162. The base of the sensor housing 156 is pressed into thepreviously applied adhesive patch in the tire, radially in line with thehold-down mechanism of the tire chuck. The gripper mechanism 12 is thenopened, the jaws 84, 86 pivoting outward. The hold-down mechanism 192enters the interior of the tire and contacts the top surface of thesensor housing 156.

Thereafter the turntable 162 is rotated as adhesive is pumped throughthe nozzle 110, surrounding and adhering the transponder antenna to thetire interior annular surface. As the turntable rotates, the incomingantenna section is guided into the nozzle channel 112 as it is pulledthrough the guide fingers 18, 20. The guide fingers 18, 20 keep theantenna at a proper height relative to the tire surface to insure properadhesion. The hold-down mechanism keeps the transponder sensor housing156 relatively fixed to the tire as it rotates. This prevents the dragof the antenna through the nozzle 110 and guide fingers from dislodgingthe transponder sensor housing from its original position in the tire.

One representative mechanism by which the tire is held in position uponthe turntable and the transponder is held as the tire rotates and theantenna is affixed to the tire is shown in FIGS. 14-19. In general, themechanism is provided to temporarily hold one section of a ringcomponent in place (preferably but not necessarily the transponderpackage), on the inside surface of the tire, while the tire is rotatedin order to complete the installation of the ring component. During theinstallation of the flexible ring component, the tire is placed on thehorizontal rotary turntable. As part of the larger operation previouslydescribed, the flexible ring component is installed on the lower insidesurface of the tire and adhesive is applied to the entire circumferenceof the ring, causing the ring to be bonded to the tire. In its finalposition the ring is in a circular shape and is co-axial with the centerof rotation of the tire. The ring is located preferably but notnecessarily about 10 millimeters from the toe of the bead section of thetire.

As described previously, to install the ring, the transponder housing ofthe ring is held by the robotic arm and brought into contact with asmall patch of adhesive previously applied to the tire. The robotic armthen releases the transponder and a fixing mechanism moves into positionand comes into contact with the flexible portion of the ring componentthat is pulled section by section through a guide. As the flexibleportion of the ring passes through the guide adhesive is continuouslyinjected on and around the ring, securing it to the tire. The fixingmechanism makes lateral contact with the tag portion of the ring so thatthe ring can not move radially relative to the tire. This prevents thering from being dislocated due to the friction of the flexible portionof the ring passing through the guide.

The turntable centering mechanism incorporates a plurality of centeringfixtures 182A, B, C, D, each comprising an elongate finger 186 A,B,C,D,respectively, each finger having an end cap portion 184 A,B,C,D,respectively. A vertical positive stop 190 extends from each finger 186and serves to keep each finger at a preset distance from the turntableupper surface 162. The fingers 186 are arranged in a circular patternand each moves radially within an opening 188 A,B,C,D from the center ofthe turntable 160. The fingers 186 are operated by any commonconventional linkage (not shown) to move reciprocally in the radialdirection to ensure that the fingers are at the same radius from thecenter of the turntable 160 at all times. The tire 134 is placed on theturntable 160 and the finger linkage is then operated so that all thefingers 186 make contact with the inside diameter of the tire at thelower bead area. After the fingers have moved out radially and makeradial contact with the tire bead, the fingers are then actuatedvertically downward so that the caps 184 on each finger 186 makescontact with the top surface of the bottom bead. The vertical motion ofeach finger is also limited by an adjustable positive stop 190, so thatthe final height of all the caps is at a common height. Each stop 190 isextended from a respective finger 186 by a horizontal support arm 191.The fingers and caps serve to secure the tire to the turntable, tocenter the tire coaxially with the center of the turntable, and alsoslightly pull down the lower bead area of the tire so that the entiretop surface of the lower bead area is in a single plane at a fixeddistance from the top surface of the turntable. The subject centeringmethod is preferred but other known fixturing techniques and apparatusmay be employed alternatively within the practice of the invention ifdesired.

With respect to FIGS. 14 and 15, the fixing mechanism 192 is mounted toone of the fingers 186D. The fixing mechanism 192 moves radially andvertically with the finger to which it is mounted. For any given tire134, the tag or transponder 156 is placed at a known position andorientation relative to the lower bead of the tire. Since the fingermakes positive contact with the lower bead area of the tire, the desiredfinal position of the tag is known relative to the geometry of thefinger 186.

A fixing mechanism 192 is provided for attachment to the turntable andprovides means for fixing a predetermined portion of the annular ring(such as, but not necessarily, the transponder housing) to a position onthe tire and holding the predetermined ring portion in place as the tireis rotated on the turntable. The mechanism 192 includes a retainer end194 represented in the form of a fork. Other alternatively shapedretaining ends may be deployed if required or desired for a particularapplication. The mechanism 192 further includes an arcuate bracket arm196 radially inwardly disposed that includes an arcuate slot 198.Mounting bracket 200 attaches to the slot 198 and is adjustable intoalternative angled positions and held in such position by a set screw202. A pneumatic fittings 204 are provided and apply actuation pressureto a pneumatic linear cylinder with linear guides 206 that moves theyoke 204 along a reciprocal linear path radially outward. An angledpneumatic actuator 208 is mounted to the bracket 200 and coupled to thearcuate arm 196. The angled actuator 208 carries the fork 194 along anangled path to into a retention relationship with the transponderhousing 156 wherein the fork 194 straddles the housing 156 to inhibitlateral movement thereof. A slide table 210 is used to support thepneumatic actuators 206, 208 and is mounted to the turntable by suitablehardware as shown. The actuators 206 and 208 and associate table 210 areof a type commercially available as an assembly such as in the Air SlideTable Series MKS manufactured by SMC Corp., having a business locationat 3011 N. Franklin Road, Indianapolis, Ind. 46226.

The fixing mechanism 192 thus as will be appreciated from abovetherefore may, but need not necessarily for the practice of theinvention, include two axes of motion. Mechanisms that use a singleactuation path to bring a retention device into a retaining relationshipwith an annular ring portion are intended to be within the scope of theinvention. In a two axis system, of the type depicted, a first axis is ahorizontal linear axis, parallel to the surface of the turntable 160 andin the direction of motion of the finger to which it is attached. Thesecond axis is in the plane of motion of the finger but at an acuteangle to the turntable surface. Each motion is operated by its ownpneumatic actuator 206,208. The horizontal actuator 206 operates along alinear path and is interchangeably referred to herein as the “linearactuator”. The linear actuator 206 is mounted to the finger 186D. Theangled actuator 208 is mounted to the horizontal actuator 206 by thebracket 200 which can be manually adjusted to change the angle ofoperation. The adjustment bracket is designed to provide a center ofrotation about a point a known distance from the “toe” of the bottombead area of the tire.

In operation, the bracket 200 is adjusted so that the angle of actuationis approximately parallel to a cross-section through the tire in thearea of the transponder. The fork fixture 194 is attached to the outsidemoving portion of the angular actuator 208. The fork 194 is designed tofit over a rectangular protrusion on the transponder housing 156 so thatthe fork makes close contact with the lateral face of the rectangularprotrusion. This contact prevents the tag and ring from moving laterallyrelative to the tire during the installation of the ring.

In operation, the horizontal and angled actuators 206, 208 are initiallyin the retracted position, so no portion of the mechanism protrudesbeyond the contact surface of the finger. The tire 134 is placed on theturntable top 162 and the finger linkage (not shown) operated so thatall the fingers 186 move radially outward and stop against the lowerbead of the tire. Thereafter the fingers are all operated verticallydownward so the lower bead is held in a fixed plane a known distancefrom the turntable. The robot arm tooling is brought into the insidecavity of the tire in the area where the transponder is desired to beplaced. The location of the transponder is defined to be in the sameangular “clock” position as the finger on which the fixing mechanism 192is attached. A small patch of adhesive is injected through the robot armtooling as described on the tire in the area where the transponder willbe placed. The robot arm then moves out of the tire and picks up anannular assembly 132, gripping and supporting the annular unit at thetransponder housing. The robot returns to the inside of the tire andpresses the tag into the adhesive patch (See FIGS. 14 and 15). Thegripper on the robot arm then opens to release the transponder (FIG.16).

Thereafter, the horizontal actuator 206 on the fixing mechanism 192 ispneumatically actuated to move the mechanism radially outward (FIG. 17).The angular actuator 208 is then operated to bring the fork into closebridging relationship with the transponder housing (FIGS. 18 and 19).The turntable is rotated while adhesive is injected on and around thecarrier strip 158. The fork 194 remains in a retention position with thetransponder housing 156 for almost the full revolution of the tire.After a certain degree of rotation has been completed, there is enoughadhesive boding between the carrier strip 158 and the tire 134 that thefriction between the carrier strip and the guide cannot cause the stripto move relative to the tire. At this point in the rotation, the angularactuator is retracted, taking the fork out of retention engagement withthe transponder housing 156. The tire containing the annular assemblyunit 132 is then removed from the turntable and the system is ready toaccept another tire.

From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the subject inventionachieves an efficient and reliable connection between an annularassembly and an annular surface. The invention can find applicationwhere the attachment of an annular ring to an annular surface isdesired, particularly in the attachment of a sensor unit to a tire. Themechanism repeatedly secures the tire to a rotating turntable andeffects an initial attachment of the transponder to the tire surface.The mechanism 192 serves to maintain the transponder against the tirewhile the annular unit is adhered section by section to the tire.Mechanism 192 positively and automatically maintains the transponder inplace against the tire at a reference location without imparting damageto the sensor unit.

Variations in the present invention are possible in light of thedescription of it provided herein. While certain representativeembodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustratingthe subject invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this artthat various changes and modifications can be made therein withoutdeparting from the scope of the subject invention. It is, therefore, tobe understood that changes can be made in the particular embodimentsdescribed which will be within the full intended scope of the inventionas defined by the following appended claims.

1. Apparatus for attaching an annular transponder unit to an annulartire surface, the transponder unit being of a type having a sensorhousing coupled to an annular antenna, the apparatus comprising: a. atable for supporting a tire having an annular tire surface in anaccessible disposition; b. an arm proximately disposed to the table andhaving tooling means at a remote end for supporting a sensor housingsection of the transponder unit against the annular tire surface and forprogressively attaching the annular antenna section by section to theannular tire surface, wherein the tooling means comprises: grippingmeans for engaging the sensor housing and placing the sensor housing atan indexed location on the annular tire surface; and guide means forengaging the annular antenna and progressively positioning the annularantenna section by section along the annular tire surface; and c. meansfor establishing a relative rotation between the tire and the armtooling means between an initial relative position and a terminalrelative position.
 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprisingmeans for rotating the table relative to the arm tooling means. 3.Apparatus for attaching an annular transponder unit to an annular tiresurface, the transponder unit being of a type having a sensor housingcoupled to an annular antenna, the apparatus comprising: a. a table forsupporting a tire having an annular tire surface in an accessibledisposition; b. an arm proximately disposed to the table and havingtooling means at a remote end for supporting a sensor housing section ofthe transponder unit against the annular tire surface and forprogressively attaching the annular antenna section by section to theannular tire surface; c. means for establishing a relative rotationbetween the tire and the arm tooling means between an initial relativeposition and a terminal relative position; wherein the tooling meanscomprises: gripping means for engaging the sensor housing and placingthe sensor housing at an indexed location on the annular tire surface;and d. guide means for engaging the annular antenna and progressivelypositioning the annular antenna section by section along the annulartire surface; and an adhesive applicator nozzle disposed between theguide means and the gripping means for progressive application of anadhesive material between sections of the annular antenna and theannular tire surface.
 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, furthercomprising means for disengaging the gripping means from the sensorhousing prior to initiating relative rotation between the tire and thearm tooling means.
 5. Apparatus according to claim 3, further comprisingmeans for disengaging the guide means from the annular antenna as thetire and arm tooling means substantially reach the terminal relativeposition.
 6. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the guide meanscomprises at least two pivotal gripping fingers for receiving theannular antenna therebetween and maintaining the annular antenna in apreferred position relative to the annular tire surface.
 7. Apparatusaccording to claim 3, wherein further comprising a remote pre-stagingstation for supporting the transponder unit at a preliminary stage, thearm remote end being located to move between the pre-staging station andthe table for transporting the transponder unit to the tire on thetable.
 8. Apparatus for attaching an annular transponder unit to anannular tire surface, the transponder unit being of a type having asensor housing coupled to an annular antenna, the apparatus comprising:a. a rotary turntable for supportably rotating a tire having an annulartire surface in an accessible disposition; b. an arm proximatelydisposed to the turntable and having substantially end-of-arm toolingfor supporting a sensor housing section of the transponder unit againstthe annular tire surface and for supporting and attaching thetransponder unit antenna section by section to the annular tire surfaceas the tire is rotated substantially one revolution, wherein the toolingcomprises: a gripping mechanism for engaging the sensor housing andplacing the sensor housing at a preselected location on the annular tiresurface; a guide mechanism for engaging the annular antenna andpositioning the annular antenna section by section along the annulartire surface as the tire is rotated.
 9. Apparatus according to claim 8,further comprising an adhesive material applicator nozzle disposedbetween the guide mechanism and the gripping means for application ofthe adhesive material between the annular antenna and the annular tiresurface as the tire is rotated.
 10. Apparatus according to claim 9,further comprising a pre-staging station for supporting the transponderunit at a preliminary stage, the arm being located between thepre-staging station and the turntable for transporting the transponderunit from the pre-staging station to the turntable, and the grippingmechanism engaging the sensor housing at the pre-staging station andduring the transport of the transponder unit from the pre-stagingstation to the turntable.